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Disaster and Disorder

Monday, December 8, 2025

The government hesitated in deciding whether to declare a national disaster. It began with its failure to heed the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency’s early warning.

arsip tempo : 177077713812.

Large pieces of timber material carried by the flash flood in Garoga Village, Batang Toru District, South Tapanuli Regency, South Sumatra, December 4, 2025. Tempo/Andi Adam Faturahman. tempo : 177077713812.

HAD the government taken the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) seriously, the scale of flooding across three provinces in Sumatra—including the death toll—might not have been this severe. In mid-November 2025, BMKG had already notified the government and the Presidential Palace that heavy rainfall would sweep parts of Sumatra. Instead of responding, officials brushed off the early warning.

The result: a governmen

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