July 10, 874 Norwegian fishermen discover Iceland near the North Pole. Since then, they, together with the Scottish, inhabit the island. In 930, the Icelanders establish their own government and parliament.

July 11, 1921 Mongolia gains independence from China.

July 12, 100BC Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman, is born.

July 13, 1772 Captain James Cook begins a second voyage on the ship Resolution to the South Seas.

July 14