July 9, 1816 Argentina gains independence from Spain. The European country had occupied Argentina since the 16th century.

July 10, 874 Norwegian fishermen discover Iceland located near the North Pole. The island is in turn colonized by Norway, Denmark, England, and the US.

July 11, 1921 Mongolia gains independence from China (National Day). The holiday of Naadam, which originated in the time of Ghenghis Khan, is later fixed to July 11-13 to