THE level of activity had increased at Ramadi's house in Jakarta. It began a few days before the events of January 15, 1974. The house, which had been transformed into the office of the Islamic Education Renewal Movement (GUPPI), suddenly had a steady flow of guests. Meetings were held there almost every day.

Heru Cahyono in his book The Role of the Ulama in Golkar 1971-1980: From General Elections to Malari wrote that the meetings at Ramadi's hou