Enemy of Presidents

Why is businessman Arifin Panigoro playing around at politics? What makes this oil tycoon tick?

June 26, 2001

Arifin Panigoro has made himself the enemy of all four presidents Indonesia has had. But his origins are humble and only relatively recently has he become a major player in Indonesian politics.

Way back in the mid-1960s, in his early twenties, Arifin joined the `Forces of 66' who opposed founding president Sukarno at his worst hour. But in those days he was a minor figure, insignificant on the national stage.

Not so in 1998, when he fell fou

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