CAROK (a form of duel typical of Madura) and violence in the land of Madura can be traced to the olden days. According to Latief Wiyata, the author of Carok: Conflict of Violence and Dignity of the People of Madura, violence in Madura had happened since the arrival of the Dutch through the East India Company (VOC) in the 1700s. As a region which was not under direct Dutch control, says Latief, Madura was full of uncertainties. Finally everybody s