THE criminal provisions applied to Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra Hamzah have been changing, from abuse of authority, followed by bribery, to extortion as is being targeted today. These extortion articles have the consequence of longer prison terms for them, whereas Anggodo and Anggoro, who have the money, escape punishment in their position as ‘victims.’

1. Abuse of authority

Article 421 of the Criminal Code (KUHP):

“An official who abu