Many practices in this country have a long tradition. Defaulting on debts and burdening it to the state have been practiced by business tycoons in Indonesia since time immemorial. What the Clove Marketing & Buffer Stock Agency (BPPC) implemented was exactly what the VOC did during its time. Even in those days, tributes, illegal levies and bribescompensation for low salarieswere transacted.

Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij (NHM) was a bu