Those who think that Indonesia reached its glory before the advent of the VOC (Dutch East Indies Company) are mistaken. Such grandeur lasted only for a while. What occurred incessantly were wars between princes, kings, bandits and pirates. The concepts of unity and union were alien throughout the Nusantara archipelago.

A big armada of the Singosari kingdom under the red-and-white banner of the Javanese monarchy sailed from Tuban in 1275. Pale