SINCE Nadiem Anwar Makarim became education and culture minister on October 23 of last year, ministry high officials have had some late nights. Paristiyanti Nurwardani, acting director of learning at the directorate-general of higher education, said that they often hold discussions late into the night related to changes to the higher education system.

Near the end of 2019, they were asking for more input from various parties, such as former mini