ON October 12, 1944, a squadron of two dozen Japanese bombers took off from Mabalacat Airfield in the Philip-pines heading for the Leyte Gulf where the US fleet was anchored. Bombs from the planes rained down on their targets sinking the cargo ship Santa Lo and wrecking half a dozen other vessels.

This type of attack—the brainchild of Vice Admiral Onishi Takejiro—was used until January 1945. Then a new term was added to the World