Exclusivity Not Included

Muslim intellectuals of the liberal and post-traditional schools are engaged in a dialogue. Some consider literal Islam a threat.

November 20, 2001

Liberal Islam is a theme that is attracting many young Muslims. Tati Wardi, a 24-year-old student at the State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) in Jakarta is one example. Tati, who was born into a family with strong cultural tradition of the Nahdlatul Ulama and Masjumi movements is a voracious reader of books on liberal and post-traditionalist Islam—a growing trend among Muslim intellectuals who cannot tolerate hard-line Islam. "They

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