MUSTAFA was born in 1881 of a pious mother called Zubaidah. She was a strong woman: she did not easily give in to her husband. This was particularly so in the matter of education for their only son, a boy who they could never imagine would come to be revered as Atatürk, “the father of modern Turkey”, but also cursed as the one who destroyed the Ottoman Caliphate, an empire thought to have united Muslim peoples for centuries.

Mustafa Kemal w