His surname Mahieu, born in Bangkalan on August 22, 1865: neither Madurese, nor of French blood. August Mahieu began and ended at unclear borders. Native? Non native?

His Dutch family originated from North Brabant in Holland and left for the colony of Java. His grandmother was half Javanese. His father, who was born in Kediri, was a low level government clerk.

When the clever young August ('Guus') received a rare opportunity, namely to attend th