Empowerment is not a magic wand

IN the midst of exploding poverty currently happening in Indonesia, the return of Professor Gustav Fritz Papanek to the country takes on more significance. Papanek is, after all, one of the ‘architects’ behind the scenes who helped design the direction and strategy of Indonesia’s economic development at the start of the New Order government.

As director of the Harvard Development Advisory Service (which later became the Harvard Institute

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