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Reforms and Horizontal Conflict

Tuesday, May 20, 2003

arsip tempo : 173519150174.

. tempo : 173519150174.

Ahmad Syafi'i Ma'arif*
* Chairman of the Central Committee of Muhammadiyah

Indonesia's modern history, after independence in 1945, is full of contrasting colors between the forces of unity and disintegration. Shouts of independence as symbols of elation at the start of Indonesia's proclamation of independence resounded throughout the Archipelago. Sukarno-Hatta, as a symbol of struggle against colonialism and a symbol of racial unity, were automat


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