maaf email atau password anda salah

Other Tempo Media
Majalah Tempo
Koran Tempo
Tempo.co
Subscribe

Reforms and Horizontal Conflict

Tuesday, May 20, 2003

arsip tempo : 173223866929.

. tempo : 173223866929.

Ahmad Syafi'i Ma'arif*
* Chairman of the Central Committee of Muhammadiyah

Indonesia's modern history, after independence in 1945, is full of contrasting colors between the forces of unity and disintegration. Shouts of independence as symbols of elation at the start of Indonesia's proclamation of independence resounded throughout the Archipelago. Sukarno-Hatta, as a symbol of struggle against colonialism and a symbol of racial unity, were automat


...

Subscribe to continue reading.
We craft news with stories.

For the benefits of subscribing to Digital Tempo, See More

The Best Choice

Rp 54.945/Month

Active for 12 Months, Rp 659.340

  • *You Save -Rp 102.000
  • *Guaranteed update of up to 52 Editions of Tempo Magazine
Subscribe

Rp 64.380/Month

Active Every Month Cancel Anytime

  • *Free for the first month if using a Credit Card
Subscribe

See Other Packages

Already a Subscribed? Log in here
To receive daily news by Email, Sign up for Tempo ID.

More Articles

More exclusive contents

  • November 18, 2024

  • November 11, 2024

  • November 4, 2024

  • October 28, 2024

Independent journalism needs public support. By subscribing to Tempo, you will contribute to our ongoing efforts to produce accurate, in-depth and reliable information. We believe that you and everyone else can make all the right decisions if you receive correct and complete information. For this reason, since its establishment on March 6, 1971, Tempo has been and will always be committed to hard-hitting investigative journalism. For the public and the Republic.

Login Subscribe