October 13, 1943During World War II, Italy declares war on Germany, its one-time Axis partner.

October 14, 1944German Field Marshal Rommel, suspected of complicity in the July 20 plot to assassinate Hitler, is visited at home by two of Hitlers staff and given the choice of public trial or suicide by poison. He chooses suicide and later it is announced that he died of wounds.

October 15, 1894Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer in France,