MULTIPLIED hatred, annihilation of race and ethnicity, as well as religious and gender persecution, since the 20th century until now are part of identity crimes. According to French philosopher Etienne Balibar, this type of crime is potentially more destructive than structural crimes. 

Hobbesian postulate, based on the views of English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), sees those types of crimes are inherent in contemporary societies.